Fulminant hepatic failure possibly related to ciprofloxacin

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of hepatic failure in a patient who was receiving oral ciprofloxacin. DATA SOURCES: Case reports, review articles, and relevant laboratory studies identified by MEDLINE. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted from pertinent published sources by one author and reviewed by the remaining authors. DATA SYNTHESIS: A 66-year-old man was admitted for hip arthroplasty and developed fulminant hepatic failure during oral ciprofloxacin therapy. Ciprofloxacin was started on postoperative day 13 for treatment of a urinary tract infection. Over the next three days he became confused and hypoglycemic. His prothrombin time increased to greater than 90 s. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were markedly elevated. The patient died on postoperative day 20. Postmortem examination of the liver revealed extensive centrilobular necrosis. A skin biopsy was consistent with a drug reaction. It is unknown whether the patient had received a quinolone compound in the past or had a history of exposure to hepatotoxins. CONCLUSIONS: It cannot be concluded that ciprofloxacin directly caused hepatic failure in this patient. It is possible that the drug evoked a hypersensitivity reaction or exacerbated a preexisting hepatotoxicity. A detailed patient history and evaluation of hepatic function should be obtained prior to initiating ciprofloxacin therapy. A nonquinolone antimicrobial may be a safer alternative for patients with hepatic dysfunction.