1993 Bibliography: a 32-year literature review on the value and acceptance of ambulatory care provided by pharmacists

OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature on the value and acceptance of pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists in ambulatory care settings. DATA SOURCES AND METHODS: Articles published between 1960 and 1992. A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature was conducted using the terms pharmacists, services, and ambulatory settings. Studies were selected for inclusion if they addressed services provided by pharmacists in ambulatory settings and dealt with the cost of patient care, quality of care, or attitudinal surveys. Original research reports were summarized according to objectives, sample size, duration of study, methods, and findings. Summaries were categorized according to reported positive impact, negative impact, or investigational reports with no outcome. RESULTS: One hundred seventy articles were identified; 104 of them reported research data and were summarized. The 1970s was the most prolific decade for publication of articles reporting positive, negative, or no impact, which numbered 47, 20, and 37, respectively. Positive correlation was found among studies conducted according to predetermined protocol and reporting positive impact. Moreover, academic interest in pharmacy varied for the different decades. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, this article provides references of the published reports on pharmacy professional services in ambulatory care settings, and a summary of the articles reporting research data. Additional and more focused research on pharmaceutical services in the community is needed. Emphasis is required on practicing pharmacists' attitudes toward nondispensing, patient-oriented pharmaceutical services; the impact of educational changes on the practice of pharmacy and consumers' attitudes and willingness to pay for services; and the link between patient outcome and pharmaceutical services.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Machado, J. Bajcar, G. C Guzzo, and T. R Einarson Sensitivity of Patient Outcomes to Pharmacist Interventions. Part II: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Hypertension Management Ann. Pharmacother., November 1, 2007; 41(11): 1770 - 1781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Kaboli, A. B. Hoth, B. J. McClimon, and J. L. Schnipper Clinical pharmacists and inpatient medical care: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med, May 8, 2006; 166(9): 955 - 964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Whaley, C. M. Warren, and D. L. Thomas Drug Switching: The Bottom Line Isn't Always What It Seems Journal of Correctional Health Care, January 1, 2004; 10(2): 227 - 237. [Abstract] [PDF]

				B. J. Isetts, L. M. Brown, S. W. Schondelmeyer, and L. A. Lenarz Quality Assessment of a Collaborative Approach for Decreasing Drug-Related Morbidity and Achieving Therapeutic Goals Arch Intern Med, August 11, 2003; 163(15): 1813 - 1820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S Ruths, J Straand, and H A Nygaard Multidisciplinary medication review in nursing home residents: what are the most significant drug-related problems? The Bergen District Nursing Home (BEDNURS) study Qual. Saf. Health Care, June 1, 2003; 12(3): 176 - 180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Weinberger, M. D. Murray, D. G. Marrero, N. Brewer, M. Lykens, L. E. Harris, R. Seshadri, H. Caffrey, J. F. Roesner, F. Smith, et al. Effectiveness of Pharmacist Care for Patients With Reactive Airways Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, October 2, 2002; 288(13): 1594 - 1602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. T. Tsuyuki, J. A. Johnson, K. K. Teo, S. H. Simpson, M. L. Ackman, R. S. Biggs, A. Cave, W.-C. Chang, V. Dzavik, K. B. Farris, et al. A Randomized Trial of the Effect of Community Pharmacist Intervention on Cholesterol Risk Management: The Study of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention by Pharmacists (SCRIP) Arch Intern Med, May 27, 2002; 162(10): 1149 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. A. Gattis, V. Hasselblad, D. J. Whellan, and C. M. O'Connor Reduction in Heart Failure Events by the Addition of a Clinical Pharmacist to the Heart Failure Management Team: Results of the Pharmacist in Heart Failure Assessment Recommendation and Monitoring (PHARM) Study Arch Intern Med, September 13, 1999; 159(16): 1939 - 1945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]