Glutathione in health and disease: pharmacotherapeutic issues

OBJECTIVE: To review the current research and importance of glutathione (GSH) therapy in health and disease and to provide a basic overview of the widespread use and interest in this compound. DATA IDENTIFICATION: Articles were obtained via a MEDLINE search of the term glutathione in conjunction with specific disease states mentioned, and via extensive review of references found in articles identified by computer search. STUDY SELECTION: Emphasis was placed on the most recent research, human research, and in discussing multiple disease states. DATA EXTRACTION: The literature was reviewed for methodology, quality, and practical aspects of interest to clinical pharmacists. DATA SYNTHESIS: GSH is a tripeptide of extreme importance as a catalyst, reductant, and reactant. It continues to be investigated in diverse areas such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, toxicology, AIDS, aging, oncology, and liver disease. Despite the widespread clinical interest in GSH, we were not able to identify an in-depth review of this compound in the pharmacy literature. CONCLUSIONS: The list of potential indications for modulation of GSH is extensive and broad. This review introduces clinicians to what GSH is, its basic chemistry, and some areas of active research.