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Published Online, 27 February 2004, www.theannals.com, DOI 10.1345/aph.1D451.
 The Annals of Pharmacotherapy: Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 634-640. DOI 10.1345/aph.1D451
© 2004 Harvey Whitney Books Company.
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FORMULARY FORUM

Nitazoxanide Treatment for Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis in Children

Jason M Bailey, PharmD

Pharmacy Ambulatory Care Resident, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID

John Erramouspe, PharmD MS

Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University

Reprints: John Erramouspe PharmD MS, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209-8333, fax 208/282-4482, johnerra{at}pharmacy.isu.edu

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, drug interactions, dosing recommendations, and clinical efficacy of nitazoxanide, a new antiprotozoal/anthelmintic/antibacterial agent.

DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966–February 2004) of both human and animal research data published in the English language was conducted.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All primary and review articles pertaining to the MEDLINE search were reviewed for inclusion. Emphasis was placed on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Nitazoxanide is approved for the treatment of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis (first drug approved for the latter indication) in immune-competent children <12 years of age. Most studies in immune-competent patients have reported clinical and parasitologic response rates close to 80% and 70%, respectively, for both indications. Response rates have been lower in immune-compromised patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Nitazoxanide should be available for patients unable to tolerate or adhere to first-line therapy employed for these intestinal protozoa.

Key Words: cryptosporidia, giardia, nitazoxanide

Published Online, February 27, 2004. www.theannals.com, DOI 10.1345/aph.1D451

THIS ARTICLE IS APPROVED FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDIT
ACPE UNIVERSAL PROGRAM NUMBER: 407-000-04-014-H01




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