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INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Risk Factors for Community-Acquired Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection

Resident in Drug Information, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA

Kristi L March, PharmD

Resident in Ambulatory Care, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA

B Joseph Guglielmo, PharmD

Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco

Reprints: B Joseph Guglielmo PharmD, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Box 0622, 521 Parnassus Ave., University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0622, fax 415/476-6632, bjg{at}itsa.ucsf.edu

BACKGROUND: Fluoroquinolones are recommended for the empiric treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in communities in which uropathogen resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is 10% to 20%. However, recent studies also have demonstrated an increase in the isolation of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. Identification of outpatients at increased risk for fluoroquinolone resistance would improve the selection of empiric treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for community-acquired UTIs due to ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli (CREC).

METHODS: All medical records from the University of California at San Francisco Medical Center from January to December 2001 were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with community-acquired UTI due to CREC. Patients with community-acquired UTI due to ciprofloxacin-susceptible E. coli presenting during the same time period were randomly selected as the study group in a 1:2 ratio of case to controls.

RESULTS: Independent risk factors for CREC included recurrent UTI (OR 8.13) and prior exposure to fluoroquinolones (OR 30.35).

CONCLUSIONS: Fluoroquinolones continue to be appropriate empiric treatment in most patients with uncomplicated UTI. Nitrofurantoin or a cephalosporin may be better choices in patients with recurrent lower UTI and/or previous fluoroquinolone use.

Key Words: ciprofloxacin, Escherichia coli, resistance, risk factors, urinary tract infection

Published Online, May 18, 2004. www.theannals.com, DOI 10.1345/aph.1D622

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