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Research Coordinator, Pharmacy Department, St. Paul's Hospital; Clinical Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Faculty Associate, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul's Hospital; Assistant Professor, Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia
Director, Heart Function Clinic and Healthy Heart Clinic, St. Paul's Hospital
Reprints: Stephen J Shalansky PharmD FCSHP, Pharmacy Department, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, BC, Canada, fax 604/806-8154, sshalansky{at}providencehealth.bc.ca
BACKGROUND: The Morisky medication adherence scale is a commonly used adherence screening tool. It is composed of 4 yes/no questions about past medication use patterns and is thus quick and simple to use during drug history interviews.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of the self-reported Morisky score as a screening tool for identifying patients who have been nonadherent with chronic cardiovascular medications.
METHODS: Patients who had taken an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or lipid-lowering agent for at least 3 consecutive months were interviewed using a structured questionnaire including the Morisky scale. Nonadherence was defined as taking <80% of chronic cardiovascular medications based on prescription refill data over the previous 14 months.
RESULTS: Forty-nine of 377 (13%) patients were
categorized as nonadherent; however, only 12 (3%) patients had Morisky scores
suggesting a high likelihood of nonadherence (3 or 4). While the Morisky score
was a significant independent predictor of nonadherence by multivariate
analysis, there was no threshold score or individual question that yielded
concurrent high sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPVs) for
identifying nonadherent patients. The internal consistency of the questions
was low (
0.32), as were item-to-total score correlations, suggesting
that the individual questions were not measuring the same attribute.
CONCLUSIONS: Using the Morisky scale to identify patients who have been nonadherent with chronic cardiovascular medications may be reasonable in some settings; however, the threshold score would have to be chosen based on a trade-off between sensitivity and PPV. These results were likely influenced by the low rate of nonadherence in this cohort. Rewording the questions, increasing the number of questions, and the use of graded response options may improve consistency.
Key Words: adherence, cardiovascular medications
Published Online, July 6, 2004. www.theannals.com, DOI 10.1345/aph.1E071
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