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COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

Evaluation of Herbal Dietary Supplements Marketed on the Internet for Recreational Use

¹ Associate Clinical Professor, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
² Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy, UCSF
³ at time of study, Pharmacy Practice Resident, UCSF; now, Primary Care Specialty Resident, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO

Reprints: Dr. Dennehy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Ave., Ste. C-152, Box 0622, San Francisco, CA 94143-0622, fax 415/476-6632, dennehyc{at}pharmacy.ucsf.edu

BACKGROUND: The Internet is a popular tool for marketing and purchasing herbal dietary supplements (DS). Various Web sites sell these products purely for recreational use.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the content of Web sites that advertise and market herbal DS for recreational use (ie, for the purpose of altering mood/behavior/or perception, "getting high," or as a substitute for a drug of abuse).

METHODS: Four major search engines and the search terms "buy herbal high" and "buy legal high" were used to identify Web sites selling herbal DS for recreational use. Web sites were evaluated for their country of origin and for compliance with the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA). Products were evaluated for their ingredient lists, effect claims, comparisons with illicit drugs, adverse effects, drug interactions, and contraindications.

RESULTS: Twenty-eight unique Web sites with 119 products were evaluated. Most sites were in the US (54%) and were in compliance with DSHEA. Forty-seven percent of the products were likened to illicit drugs, typically marijuana (48%) or 3-,4-methylene dioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy; 23%). The most common product ingredients were ephedra alkaloids (27%), Salvia divinorum (17%), kava (10%), guarana (10%), Acorus calamus (10%), and damiana (10%). Effect claims frequently involved the products' use as a hallucinogen (51%) or stimulant (39%). Sixty-four percent of the sites mentioned adverse effects, and 54% mentioned drug interactions.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that herbal DS are being marketed for use as legal alternatives to illicit drugs of abuse. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of this trend and the products that are involved.

Key Words: Internet, recreational dietary supplement, recreational herb

Published Online, September 13, 2005. www.theannals.com, DOI 10.1345/aph.1G185

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