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1 Candidate, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht
Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Scientific Institute Dutch
Pharmacists, Utrecht, Netherlands
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
3 Associate Professor, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for
Pharmaceutical Sciences
4 Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht Institute for
Pharmaceutical Sciences and SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice Research,
Leiden, Netherlands
5 Professor, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht
Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Scientific Institute Dutch
Pharmacists
Reprints: Dr. Klungel, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands, fax 31 (0)30 2539166, o.h.klungel{at}pharm.uu.nl
BACKGROUND: Patients performing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) may benefit from community pharmacy services. However, wide-scale implementation of these services is limited. Many pharmacy characteristics (eg, physical layout of the pharmacy, knowledge and competence of the pharmacy team) are reported to be relevant when implementing these services. Still, the importance of local agreements on the division of roles with, for example, local general practitioners or diabetes nurses, is less clear.
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between local collaboration and the level of services provided by community pharmacies to patients performing SMBG.
METHODS: In 2004, we performed a cross-sectional survey among all 1692 Dutch community pharmacies. Data were gathered on provision of services for SMBG, local agreements, and pharmacy characteristics. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Associations were adjusted for pharmacy characteristics.
RESULTS: About 44% (724) of the community pharmacies returned the questionnaire. Pharmacies that were not involved in local collaborative services on patient counseling reported to provide fewer services compared with those that were involved in such agreements (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.53). Similar findings were observed for agreements on calibration of SMBG equipment (0.17, 0.04 to 0.71). The associations remained after adjusting for pharmacy characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS: Local collaboration on the division of roles in diabetes care between healthcare professionals is independently associated with the number of pharmacy services provided to patients performing SMBG.
Key Words: community pharmacy services, diabetes mellitus, interprofessional collaboration
Published Online, September 6, 2005. www.theannals.com, DOI 10.1345/aph.17095
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