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INTERNAL MEDICINE

Vitamin E Supplementation in Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Prevention: Part 1

Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University; Internal Medicine Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY

Roda Plakogiannis, PharmD

Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist in Ambulatory Care, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY

Reprints: Dr. Pham, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 75 DeKalb Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11201-5497, fax 718/245-5532, david.pham{at}liu.edu

OBJECTIVE: To review clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of vitamin E supplementation in cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention.

DATA SOURCES: Using the MeSH search terms alpha-tocopherol, tocopherols, vitamin E, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, malignancy, and clinical trials, a literature review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles in MEDLINE (1966–July 2005).

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Published materials including original research, and previous meta-analyses were included. Only English-language articles and trials on vitamin E alone or in combination with other vitamins or minerals were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Eight clinical studies demonstrated contradicting results regarding the benefits of vitamin E in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is enough evidence from large, well-designed studies to discourage the use of vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Secondary prevention requires more adequate clinical trials with selected populations to examine protective effects of vitamin E in cardiovascular disease. The findings of the studies reviewed do not provide evidence that vitamin E may reduce the risk of cancer; thus, at the present time, we do not recommend daily vitamin E intake for cancer prevention is not recommended.

CONCLUSIONS: Available data do not support the supplementation of vitamin E in cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention.

Key Words: alpha-tocopherol, tocopherols, vitamin E; cancer, cardiovascular disease

Published Online, September 27, 2005. www.theannals.com, DOI 10.1345/aph.1G211

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