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Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Oregon State University, Portland Campus at the Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave., Campus Box CH12C, Portland, OR 97239, fax 503/494-8797, marrsj{at}ohsu.edu
Reprints: Dr. Marrs
OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy data, and adverse effects of indiplon in the treatment of transient and chronic insomnia in adult and geriatric patients.
DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1966–May 2008), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–May 2008), and Cochrane database (2007) for the key words indiplon or NBI-34060. References cited in the articles were reviewed for additional information. Abstract data were included only in the absence of significant published data.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: English-language literature reporting animal and human clinical studies was reviewed to evaluate data on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and adverse effects of indiplon. Clinical trials selected for inclusion were limited to those with human subjects, with the accepted inclusion of pharmacology data in animals.
DATA SYNTHESIS: Indiplon is a nonbenzodiazepine
sedative–hypnotic that exhibits its sedating activity through its
interaction with the 
-aminobutyric acid 
receptor complex.
Indiplon immediate-release (IR) as well as modified-release (MR) forms have
shown improvement compared with placebo in patients with DSM-IV-TR primary
insomnia in various areas of subjective and objective sleep measurements.
Specifically, improvements in total sleep time, latency to persistent sleep,
latency to sleep onset, wake after sleep onset, and sleep quality have been
noted in clinical trials. Trials evaluating both indiplon IR and MR have so
far not identified any major serious adverse effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Limited clinical trial data exist on use of indiplon in a "true" transient insomnia patient population. Based on recent Food and Drug Administration requests, clinical trial data assessing direct comparisons of indiplon IR with other approved nonbenzodiazepine sedative–hypnotics are needed to clearly define the differences among these agents.
Key Words: indiplon, insomnia, nonbenzodiazepine sedative–hypnotic
Published Online, July 1, 2008. www.theannals.com, DOI 10.1345/aph.1K683
THIS ARTICLE IS APPROVED FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDIT
ACPE UNIVERSAL PROGRAM NUMBER: 407-000-08-015-H01P
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