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The Annals of Pharmacotherapy: Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 769-774. DOI 10.1345/aph.1C437
© 2003 Harvey Whitney Books Company.
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TRASFONDO: Los agentes antibacterianos del grupo oxazolidinonas han demostrado tener actividad notable frente a los microorganismos gram-positivos. Linezolid ha demostrado ser una línea de primera opción terapéutica frente cepas resistentes a vancomicina. Resultados de estudios clínicos de linezolid y reportes subsiguientes de casos publicados citan el desarrollo raro de resistencia en pacientes tratados con terapia prolongada. Reportamos los primeros organismos resistentes a linezolid de casos obtenidos por medio del Programa de Vigilancia Antimicrobiana llamada SENTRY, después de evaluar más de 40 000 organismos gram-positivos sin resistencia entre los años 1998 a 2000.

MÉTODOS: Durante los años 2001–2002, se identificó 8 sepas resistentes (de 8 pacientes diferentes) localizados en 6 estados de los Estados Unidos y de 7 instituciones que estaban participando en el programa SENTRY. Estas cepas fueron aislados de infecciones sanguíneas, vías respiratorias, infecciones de la piel y tejidos blandos, y del tracto urinario y consistieron de organismos tales como el Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus Faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis y Streptococcus oralis. La resistencia fue detectada por medio de métodos de microdilución de caldo de referencia, y confirmada por resultados idénticos usando el Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Suecia) y por el método estandarizado de difusión de disco.

RESULTADOS: Pruebas de concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias y de difusión de disco demostraron tener concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias (>=8 µg/mL) elevadas y diámetros de zonas inhibitorias pequeñas para todas las cepas probadas frente a linezolid y una oxazolidinona bajo investigación, llamado AZD2563. Resistencia a vancomicina fue detectada en 2 de las 8 cepas resistentes a linezolid. Todos los enterococus y la cepa de estreptococos del grupo viridans (S. oralis) demostraron ser resistentes frente a eritromicina. Las cepas de E. faecium fueron resistentes a las penicilinas, pero susceptibles a quinupristin/dalfopristin. Solo 3 de los 8 pacientes con patógenos resistentes a linezolid habían recibido esta terapia previamente.

CONCLUSIONES: La resistencia a linezolid sigue siendo rara con solamente 8 aislados resistentes demostrados entre 9833 (0.08%) aislados vigilados entre Enero 1 y Junio 30, 2002, pero esta resistencia ya no estaba limitada al enterococo. Laboratorios clínicos deben de probar más extensamente el desarrollo de resistencia emergente, especialmente en pacientes que estén recibiendo terapia conoxazolidinonas. Se necesita programas de vigilancia longitudinales para evaluar el desarrollo de resistencia, determinar el mecanismo molecular de la resistencia, y recomendar terapias alternativas o ofrecer intervenciones epidemiológicas.




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This Article
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Copyright © 2003 by Harvey Whitney Books Company.